HYDROCELE

Three days ago, a man came to Mbah Dukun Bagong, He wanted to consult about his problem. He said, "Mbah, i have a problem, please don't laugh, because my problem about my genital". "Okey, tell your problem!" mbah dukun asked. " Its been 3 months, my scrotum growing big, give me advice, what i have to do", patient reported. "Let me see, mmm, i think you have hydrocele", mbah dukun answered.

What is Hydrocele?

Hydrocele is an excessive accumulation of fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis. Normally, fluid inside the cavity that do exist and are in the balance between production and reabsorption by the lymphatic system in the vicinity.

Anatomy of Hydrocele

Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (C.T.E.V)

Many people who read this post may have ever seen that picture. However, do you know what's the name of  that abnormality? yes that is called C.T.E.V  (Congenital Talipes Equino Varus) or clobfoot.

Congenital Talipes Equino Varus is congenital defects which marked by combination of abnormality consisting of: forefoot adduction and supination through midtarsal joints, Varus heel through subtalar joint and equinus beyond ankle and foot is deviated to medial if viewed from knee joint.

So what are causes of C.T.E.V? there are many theories, etc: genetic, mechanical, cessation of fetal growth, displasia of muscles causes muscle imbalance, primary defects of talus (caput and column talus deviation to medial and plantar, and the last is rotation of calcaneus to medial at subtalar.

MEDICAL THERAPY for DHF

Two days ago, a medical student came to Mbah Dukun. She asked about DHF. How to treat DHF?

there's no specific therapy for DHF, just support therapy.

DEFINITION

DHF or DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER is acute infection which caused by dengue virus with clinical manifestasions are fever, myalgia, athralgia  be accompanied by leukopenia, rash, lymphodenopathy, thrombocytopenia and diatesis haemorrhagic, also haemoconcentration (increasing hematocryt). in Indonesia it called "DEMAM BERDARAH"

DOWN SYNDROME

 DEFINITION 

two days ago Mbah Dukun Bagong visit his hometown, he met his old friend, he saw his friend's daughter. her face look freaky, like mongoloid face, whats wrong with her?

Down Syndrome, Trisomy 21 or Mongolism, was first described by Dr. Langdon Down in 1865. At that time, the diagnosis of the syndrome was based solely on physical findings. Down syndrome isn't a disease. Down Syndrome is a genetic condition. As the word syndrome implies, it is a collection of common characteristics that is evident not only physically, but also by a degree of learning disability.

CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA

DESCRIPTION

Genital warts or condyloma acuminata are warty growths that can be found on the labia, vagina, and cervix as well as in, and around the anal area, the external urethral opening or in the bladder. Men may also have condyloma on the penis and scrotum, in and around the anal opening, and in the urethra. Condyloma are caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

GONORRHEA

DEFINITION

Gonorrhea is a disease of sexually transmitted infections (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gram negative bacteria diplokokkus who made man as the intermediary. For several centuries, a variety of names have been used to describe infections caused by N.

MENINGOCELE

DEFINITION

 Meningocele is considered less severe that myelomeningocele because the spinal cord doesn’t leave the protective bone tube. There is still a sack on the back, but the nerves of the spinal cord are not in it. The nerves remain protected and therefore are not as badly damaged. A person with Meningocele will usually have better physical development and bowel and bladder control.

MYELOFIBROSIS

DEFINITION

Mielofibrosis is a disease in the bone marrow in which collagen form a  fibrosis tissue in cavum marrow. This happens because the uncontrolled growth of blood cell precursors, which eventually led to the accumulation of connective tissue in the bone marrow. Connective tissue that forms blood cells which ultimately lead to dysfunctional form. Our bodies are aware of this, and tries to compensate by sending a signal to hematopoietic extramedulare organs, namely liver and spleen to produce new blood cells. But the blood cells that eventually produced by these organs is still not functioning properly and the body finally experiencing anemia. 

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

DEFINITION

Patient asks to mbah dukun: "Mbah, my name is Painem, im from Belgia, i have a problem. my son's legs frequently bruising, red spots appear, these has been about 6 months, intermittent, sometimes accompanied by fever, DHF-like disease. Would you tell me what is that?

Mbah Dukun anwers:

ITP, primary immune thrombocytopenia (also called immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura), is an autoimmune disease. In autoimmune diseases, the body mounts an immune attack toward one or more seemingly normal organ systems. In ITP, platelets are the target. They are marked as foreign by the immune system and eliminated in the spleen and sometimes, the liver. In addition to increased platelet destruction, some people with ITP also have impaired platelet production.

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

 Definition

Chronic Myelocytic leukemia (mieloid, mielogenous, granulocytic, CML) is a disease in which a cell in the bone marrow turn into malignant and produce a large number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cells) are abnormal . When this happens, infectious anemia, or bleeding easily occurs. CML seldom attack individuals under the age of 20 years, but the incidence increases with age.

CARDIORENAL SYNDROME

DEFINTION
There is no definite definition of the notion Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS). The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute defines the circumstances in which therapy to relieve symptoms of congestive heart failure is limited by the decline in kidney function. More broadly described as a state of moderate or high renal dysfunction, which appears in heart failure patients during therapy. Some say the CRS is the linkage of heart and kidney with the burden of excess fluid in which patients become resistant to diuretic therapy.

Haemophilia part 2 (Diagnostic and therapy)

ANAMNESTIC

 Until now the family history is still the best way to do the first riddle of the cases of haemophilia, although there are 20-30% of cases of haemophilia, found X chromosome due to spontaneous mutation in the gene encoding F VIII / F IX. A boy - he allegedly suffered from haemophilia, if there is a history of recurrent bleeding (hemartrosis, hematoma) or a history of bleeding after trauma or stretching certain actions with or without family history.

Hemophilia part 1

Patient asks to Mbah Dukun Bagong: Mbah, i had a friend, he was died 2 months ago, he got bleeding after circumcised, is circumcised dangerous?
Mbah Dukun Bagong answers: "mmmm i see, circumcised is not dangerous, its "sunnah" God commanded Abraham to circumcise his son, Ishmael. However, there is condition, which person can't be able to circumcised, its called HEMOPHILLIA

Myasthenia Gravis

DEFINITION


When Mbah Dukun surving on internet, he gets message from Nilla Gustian. Nilla wants information about Myasthenia Gravis.

What is Myasthenia Gravis?
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness and excessive muscle fatigue. The name comes from Greek and Latin words meaning "grave muscle weakness." But most cases of MG are not as "grave" as the name implies.
The disease can vary in severity and distribution of weakness between individuals, and in any one patient the symptoms fluctuate with relapses and remissions. MG can resolve spontaneously, but for most patients MG persists for life. It can be life threatening, but 90% of patients become symptom-free with modern treatments.
MG produces progressive weakness and fatigue and sporadic abnormal in skeletal muscles, which get worse after exercise and repetition of movement, but can be corrected with drugs antikholineterase.
Usually, this disorder that attacks the muscles controlled by cranial nerves (face, lips, tongue, neck, and throat) but can also attack other muscles.
MG followed the explosion of anger and periodic remissions that can not be predicted. Treatment was not known, but drug therapy can improve symptoms and allow patients to live relatively normal, except during the outburst occurred.
When the disease involves the respiratory system, it can endanger lives.

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Part 2

COMPLICATIONS

Patient asks to Mbah Dukun : "Mbah, what are complications of NS?"

Mbah Dukun Bagong answers:



1. Nitrogen balance.

Massive proteinuria in the NS will cause a negative nitrogen balance. Decreased muscle mass is found but these symptoms are often found covered with new symptoms and edema anasarka looked after the edema disappeared. Loss of muscle mass by 10-20% of body mass (lean body mass) are not rare in NS.

Nephrotic syndrome Part 1

DEFINITION

Patient asks to Mbah Dukun: "Mbah, would you explain about Nephrotic Syndrome?"

Mbah Dukun Bagong answers: " Sure, ok read the text below"

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis (GN) are marked with anasarka edema, massive proteinuria ≥ 3.5 g / dl, hypercholesterolemia and lipiduria. At the beginning of the process or the mild NS stage, to make the diagnosis, not all symptoms must be found. Massive proteinuria is a typical sign of NS, but in severe NS accompanied low serum albumin concentration, excretion of protein in urine was also reduced. Proteinuria also contributes to various complications that occur in the NS. Not only Proteinuria,hypoalbuminemia, hiperlipidemia and lipiduria also found in NS. Nitrogen balance diorders, hypercoaguloability, disturbances of calcium and bone metabolism, and thyroid hormones are often found in NS. Generally, NS with normal renal function can heal itself and showed a good response to steroid therapy. However, for some cases develop into end stage renal disease or develop inti chronic.

Theraphy HIV AIDS

DEFINITION

Patient ask to Mbah Dukun: “Mbah! I have heard many people talk about AIDS, what is it?”

Mbah Dukun Bagong answers:

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of symptoms of disease or abbreviation for acquired imune deficiency syndrome caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

HIV virus can be found in body fluids, especially in blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk. The virus destroys the human immune system and may decrease or loss endurance, so easily affected by infectious diseases.

SHOCK

DEFINITION

Patient ask to Mbah Dukun : "Mbah! what is the meaning of Shock?

Mbah Dukun Bagong answers :

Shock is a clinical syndrome resulting from hemodynamic and metabolic disorder characterized by circulatory failure to maintain adequate perfusion to the organs - the vital organs of the body. Adequate tissue perfusion depends on three main factors, namely cardiac output, blood volume, and peripheral vasomotor tone. If one of these three determinants is chaotic and other factors can not compensate, there will be a shock. Originally arterial blood pressure may be normal to compensate for increased cardiac output .

FEVER

 WHAT IS FEVER?

Fever is the body temperature rise above the normal circadian variation due to changes in the thermoregulation center located in the anterior hypothalamus. Normal body temperature can be maintained when there are changes in environmental temperature, because of the ability of the thermoregulation center for megatur balance between heat produced by the network, particularly by muscle and liver, with heat loss. In the state of fever, the balance shifts to an increase in body temperature.